ABSTRACT
Background: Nowadays, there is great concern about gender inequality in many areas of the recent scenario;an aspect that is being pursued through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), exactly through SDG 5;cooperative learning seems to be one of the ways to achieve gender equality in secondary school students. It is essential to investigate new methodologies to try to curb many of the problems that have been active for many years, and it is crucial to promote and encourage these values in society at the educational stages. However, there is still not enough research that has been carried out on this subject, so there is still much to learn. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyse whether the effect of a didactic unit of Physical Education through cooperative learning shows improvements in the attitudes of coeducation in secondary school students. Method: A total of 131 secondary school students (74 females), with a mean age of 14.46 ± 0.64 years, carried out the study. A quasi-experimental, pre-post study was carried out using a control and experimental group. The sample was not randomised. For 5 weeks, the control group maintained normal Physical Education sessions, following a more traditional methodology based on direct command. Results: The experimental group, on the other hand, carried out the 5 sessions of the didactic unit based on the cooperative learning methodology, through mixed groupings. To assess the normality of the sample, the Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used to confirm that the sample was non-parametric. To measure the effect of the intervention, Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were performed. The statistics showed that the experimental group was significantly higher than the control in two of its factors in the pre, but no significant differences were shown in the post. Conclusions: These findings do not verify the main objective of the study, perhaps as a consequence of the quantitative difference of the samples between groups and between stages (pre-post), or as a consequence of insufficient or erroneous programming. Finally, it would be interesting to evaluate the same results by segmenting by gender to see if more significant differences are shown.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to describe the changes in teaching intervention in Physical Education because of the quarantine caused by COVID-19. Data was collected from 191 active teachers by an online questionnaire, which consisted of 15 questions grouped into three main dimensions: contents reorganization, evaluation analysis and methodological changes. The main results of this study indicated that most of the teachers did not continue with the teaching hours prior quarantine. Regarding the evaluation, a high percentage of teachers neither planned it nor found it feasible. Contents of Physical condition and health were the most commonly used among teachers. Additionally, several difficulties were detected regarding the implementation of virtual teaching. Finally, the majority of teachers answered that quarantine could involve psychological and health problems for their students. These results could be considered for future research focused on Virtual Physical Education. Alternate : El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el cambio producido en la intervención docentes del profesorado de Educación Física como consecuencia de la cuarentena por COVID-19. Los datos de la investigación procedieron de una encuesta online realizada a 191 docentes en activo. La encuesta se compuso de 15 preguntas agrupadas en tres dimensiones principales, la reorganización de los contenidos, el análisis de la evaluación y los cambios metodológicos realizados. Los principales resultados del estudio indican que la mayoría de los docentes no han continuado con el horario de docencia previo a la cuarentena. La evaluación se destacó como la dimensión de mayor controversia, existiendo un alto porcentaje de docentes que no tenían previsto como evaluar e incluso no lo veían factible. El bloque de contenidos relacionado con la condición física y la salud fue el más utilizado por el profesorado. Adicionalmente, se describen una serie de dificultades detectadas con la implementación de la enseñanza virtual. Finalmente, la gran mayoría de encuestados consideró que la cuarentena ha podido suponer un problema psicológico y de salud a su alumnados. Estos resultados pueden servir de referencia para futuras investigaciones que se realicen relacionadas con la docencia virtual de la Educación Física.Alternate :Resumo. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as mudanças produzidas na intervenção docente de professores de Educação Física como consequência da quarentena do COVID-19. Os dados da pesquisa vieram de uma pesquisa online com 191 professores ativos. A pesquisa consistiu em 15 questões agrupadas em três dimensões principais, a reorganização do conteúdo, a análise da avaliação e as mudanças metodológicas realizadas. Os principais resultados do estudo indicam que a maioria dos professores não continuou com as horas de ensino anteriores à quarentena. A avaliação foi destacada como a dimensão de maior controvérsia, com um alto percentual de professores que não tinham planos de avaliar e que nem viam como viável. O bloco de conteúdo relacionado à condição física e saúde foi o mais utilizado pelos professores. Além disso, são descritas uma série de dificuldades detectadas com a implementação do ensino virtual. Finalmente, a grande maioria dos entrevistados considerou que a quarentena poderia representar um problema psicológico e de saúde para seus alunos. Esses resultados podem servir de referência para futuras pesquisas relacionadas ao ensino virtual da Educação Física.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Ensuring health and well-being during this pandemic is essential according to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Physical exercise has an important role in the preservation of the immune system, which is vital to prevent infections. To promote physical exercise and maintain a healthy status, recent studies have suggested general exercise routines to be implemented during the quarantine period. However, to improve the health-related physical fitness components, any specific prescription should include intensity, volume, duration, and mode. Controversy persists about which is the best intensity of physical activity, while performing exercise at a moderate intensity could bring important benefits to asymptomatic people. High intensity or unaccustomed exercise should be restricted for older people, and for people of all ages with chronic diseases or compromised immune system, obesity, or upper respiratory tract infection with limited symptoms. Besides, physical activity guidelines should be particular to each population group, giving special consideration to those vulnerable to COVID-19 who are much more likely to suffer more self-isolation. Therefore, the present study is to provide specific physical activity recommendations for different populations during this pandemic.
INTRODUCCIÓN: En este periodo de pandemia es vital garantizar la salud y el bienestar según indican los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la ONU. El ejercicio físico desempeña un papel importante en la mejora del sistema inmunológico, siendo vital en la prevención de infecciones. Por todo ello, se recomienda la realización de actividad física de manera regular para preservar la salud mental, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, metabólica y endocrina. Para promover el ejercicio físico y mantener un estado saludable, estudios recientes han sugerido que se apliquen rutinas generales de actividad física durante el período de cuarentena. Sin embargo, para mejorar los componentes de la aptitud física relacionados con la salud, la prescripción específica debe matizar la intensidad, el volumen, la duración y el modo. Se ha detectado cierta controversia acerca de cuál es la intensidad adecuada de la actividad física durante el periodo de pandemia, ya que la realización de ejercicios de intensidad moderada podría aportar importantes beneficios. Se debería ser cauteloso con el ejercicio de alta intensidad en las personas no entrenadas o incluso limitarse en los grupos de riesgo. Se deben establecer pautas de actividad física adaptadas para cada grupo de población, prestando especial consideración a los vulnerables a la COVID 19, ya que tienen más probabilidades de volver a aislarse. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio proporciona recomendaciones específicas de actividad física para diferentes poblaciones y su estado de condición física durante esta pandemia.